Times Arrow, Times Cycle ( Stephen Jay Gould ) free essay sample

Reviews work on evolution of geologists understanding of the concept of deep time in 17th Cent.-19th Cent. In Times Arrow, Times Cycle, Stephen Jay Gould discusses the evolution of geologists understanding of the concept of deep time. Gould studied texts by Thomas Burnet, James Hutton, and Charles Lyellthree scientific writers who approached this question in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. Traditionally, readings of these three writers tended to focus on the degree to which each man employed the scientific method in investigating the question of the Earths age. The greater the scientists dependence on scientific method, the historians reasoned, the closer he came to the truth. Thus, these scientists have often been ranked, and understood, on the basis of their adherence to standards that are familiar to the twentieth century, but were still evolving when they wrote. In the course of his repeated close readings of the texts, in which. We will write a custom essay sample on Times Arrow, Times Cycle ( Stephen Jay Gould ) or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page .

Email Lessons from Spanish.About.Com

Email Lessons from Spanish.About.Com Need a reminder to learn a little Spanish each day? Are you looking for some quick lessons, or a random sampling of what Spanish has to offer? If so, one of our email courses may be what youre looking for. Each of our email courses features useful information as well as links to lessons and/or vocabulary pages on the site. Heres what we offer: : This is our most popular email course. Each day you will receive a new vocabulary word along with its definition and an example of its usage in a sentence. Most of the vocabulary is at an intermediate or advanced level, although even beginners can benefit from seeing how these words are used in the sample sentences. Each daily installment also has links to a lesson on vocabulary or grammar. : If youre brand new to learning Spanish, this is the email course for you. We use mostly basic words, and we keep the sample sentences straightforward so that you can better see how the words are being used. Once you finish this course, youll be ready for the regular Word of the Day. : Just what its title implies, the mini-course features links to lessons in basic Spanish. By studying a few lessons each day, the beginning student will have a knowledge of the basic concepts of Spanish grammar as well as learn some of the most essential words of the language. : Each day you receive a Spanish proverb, saying or quotation along with its translation in English the following day. This series of mini-lessons lasts about six months.

A Raisin in the Sun Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

A Raisin in the Sun - Essay Example Mr. Younger (Big Walter) and Mrs. Lena Younger had once dreamed of home ownership as she reveals to Ruth in Act I, scene 1: â€Å"We was goin’ to set away little by little and buy a little place out in Morgan Park. Had even picked out the house †¦ you should know all the dreams I had about buyin’ that house and fixin’ it up; makin’ me a little garden in the back †¦ And didn’t none of it never happen† (Hansberry 69). Lena and her husband soon discovered that there wasn’t anything left over each week to save. That Lena and Big Walter struggled their entire lives to provide shelter for their children and could never manage anything greater than the small two bedroom apartment that they â€Å"wasn’t planning on living here no more than a year† (Hansberry 44) indicates the struggle they had just to survive. Their inability to attain the house of their dreams was not the result of a lack of effort but instead the resu lt of a lack of opportunity. To buy the house now would simply ensure the family remains slaves to the house. Lena’s daughter, Beneatha, feels the money should be spent on her medical education. As a doctor, she is assured to make enough money to support the rest of the family while they seek their dreams. However, the medical profession was not an accepted occupation for a woman so Beneatha’s success was not guaranteed and the money would be wasted if she fails. Beneatha feels bounded by poverty and her gender as expressed to Joseph Asagai in Act I, scene 2. She tells him â€Å"Go ahead and laugh – but I’m not interested in being someone’s little episode in America† (Hansberry 92). Not only race but gender serves to bind her into a cultural definition she constantly struggles against. Walter, Lena’s son, feels the best way for him to help the family succeed is to go into business for himself as only entrepreneurs make any money. This is

Cost of Production - Larson & Larson Company Assignment

Cost of Production - Larson & Larson Company - Assignment Example 8660/12800 = ?0.68/unit For T, 50 labour hours @ ?12 + ?1800 for 2,400 Rate per unit = ?2400/2400 = ?1/unit Part b ABC system would be used if the other costs such as run and inspection are actually considered to obtain the true value of the project costs. With the weighted percentages, it can be possible to determine the product value considering each part of the process. In addition to the works on OAR, we calculate according the apportionment of the other expenses such that we will have the calculation that includes all the aspects for ABC as follows: For R, 68 x ? 12 apportioned appropriately in the ratio 3:4:3 then calculated for one unit by dividing by 560, the value is then added to other cost due to material and direct labour hours. = ?1.46/unit The total unit cost of R being ?2.69/ unit ?2.69/ unit1.46/ unit = ?3.15/unit For S, = 50 x ? 12 in the ratio 3:4:3 and calculated for one unit by dividing by 12,800 = 600/12800 = ?0.05/unit Total unit cost being 0.68 + 0.05 = ?0.73/u nit For T, would similarly be obtained as 58 x ?12/600 + ?1/unit =?2.26/unit Part c ABC as a method or accpunting model as developed inorder to solve problems related to accounting that has actually evolved over time due to the change in technology as well operations within the industries (Warren, Reeve & Fess 2005). It is clear that overhead costs have been increasing in companies to the point that it may be extremely difficult to use the direct methods which only emphasized on resources as well as the absorbed costs of the out. This assumed at a great expense, the impact of operations and the many intermediaries involved which comprise of the majority of the overhead costs. ABC therefore is the only practical remedy to the inefficiencies of the traditional accounting methods. At the core of ABC there exist very important principles and arguments which contribute to differentiating it from other accounting methods. ABC holds that the cost objects will consume the activities contrar y to the principle of other traditional accounting methods which argue that cost objects may only consume the resources (Naidu, Babu & Rajendra 2006). In normal operations, the costs actually will end utilizing the activities in the production line which actually depend on the resources. This aspect makes ABC more realistic and effective in determine the unit cost of production. Whereas other traditional methods base on volume allocation of the production resources, ABC considers the drivers at each level and their effect on production to determine the allocation. The drivers considered include activity drivers as well as the activity drivers which check every other production element and its cause effect relationship to the output. Further difference and principle of ABC comes from the fact that the traditional accounting are developed on the basis of structures while ABC actually depends on the process itself and therefore takes care of the various that may occur in the process. A BC begins from the process as it moves upwards to assess the amount of resources utilized and that might be required. Critically, ABC analyses the activities with the understanding that it is not easy or possible to manage costs but the activities causing the costs are manageable so that in the end, it is the activities that the organization takes or that is taken in the production process which will determine the costs (Pryor 1998). The

Childcare and Education Essay Example for Free

Childcare and Education Essay B) Evaluate the role of play in meeting the meeting the individual needs of children who are ill Role play is one way in which you can meet the individual needs of children who are ill as it allows the children to freely express themselves and their feelings without the worry of being told what to do and how to do it in a safe environment free from harm an example from one of my day nursery placements was when the room supervisor had the role play area changed to a doctors surgery because quite a lot of children where ill with the chickenpox, so that they werent worried about going to the doctors and could act out different scenarios with their friends. Role play is very adaptable and can be changed to meet each individual childs specific needs an example would be if one of the children in the practitioners care had to go through very serious treatment at the hospital then the practitioner would change the role play area to a mock hospital set up so that the child can express themselves and find out information on what going to hospital is like and for them to be able to explain to their friends what is going on with themselves. Child-led activities and Adult-led activities are another way in which the practitioner can meet the individual needs of a child who is ill, this type of activity allows the child who is ill some control on what their role is in the activity and how they go about completing that role throughout the activity an example from my current primary school placement would be when we did a science experiment on materials. The teacher explained what the children needed to do and showed them a visual demonstration, then the children split into groups of three on separate tables about the classroom. The children then following what the teacher had said carried out the experiment with the different roles split between themselves. One would record the information and draw around the surface splat, another would be dropping the plasticine and the last one would be holding the three different length rulers. Observation and planning helps in meeting the needs of a child who is ill because as a practitioner it allows them to be able to see where the child needs further assistance and for the practitioner to plan the further assistance.

Movie Essay - Irony and Insanity in Francis Ford Coppola’s Film, Apocal

Irony and Insanity in Apocalypse Now      Ã‚  Ã‚   This is end of sanity. As Francis Ford Coppola suggests in Apocalypse Now, sanity is not the manner that would have settled the Vietnam conflict. Rather, through the character of Walt Kurtz, Coppola illustrates the means by which the U.S. Army could have decided the end of the war. Walter Kurtz is a psychopath. Walter Kurtz achieves success in Vietnam. Here lies the irony that Coppola brilliantly conveys. Thousands of troops arrived weekly in Vietnam without the proper arsenal of faculties that one needs to execute the actions essential to success in Vietnam. The boys are not insane enough to win. However, Kurtz, through his psychopathic tendencies, achieve success repeatedly in jungle combat. He was "winning the war his own way."    In order to diagnose an individual with psychopathic deviance, or psychopathy, the individual must display behaviors that reveal four personality characteristics. Psychopaths are impulsive, manipulative, anti-social and pathagnomic (Hare and Shalling 5). The anti-social trait does not signify introversion. Rather, it refers to anti-social behaviors. Pathagnomy indicates the lack of a conscience. An individual who has no conscience can not discern between right and wrong.    Psychopaths display antisocial behavior and impulsiveness (Hare and Schalling 17). Antisocial behavior is determined as activities "not appropriate to the accepted functioning of one's social relationships with one's surroundings" (Hare and Schalling 37). Kurtz performs antisocial behaviors impulsively. Those evaluating Kurtz's behavior due to their social appropriateness are his superiors. General Corman determines that his actions are not acceptable in the circumst... ...uding antisocial behavior, manipulativeness, lack of conscience and impulsiveness, provide the most efficient manner in which to dominate and eliminate any opposition. Such initiative offers soldiers a means to survive and the U.S. government victory. The process, as Coppola explicates, is futile. Young boys become confused, frenzied, mad. Young boys are reinforced in a depraved manner. They receive rewards for their psychopathic deviancy with successful campaigns against the opposition. Kurtz understands this process and attempts to use it to his advantage in achieving success.       Works Cited Hare, R. and Schalling, D. Psychopathic Behaviour: Approaches to Research. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1978. The editors of the Boston Publishing Company. The Vietnam Experience: War in the Shadows. Boston: Boston Publishing Company. 1988.      

Eat Well, Feel Better. the Link Between What We Eat and Our Mental Health

Eat well, feel better. The link between what we eat and our mental health. Table of contents 1 Introduction Page 2 1. 1 Background information Page 2 1. 2 Aim Page 2 1 Methodology Page 2 2. 3 Primary research Page 2 2. Secondary research Page 2 3 Findings Page 3 3. 1 What is mental illness Page 3 3. 2 The link between food and mental health Page 4 4 Conclusions Page 5 5 Recommendations Page 6 6 Bibliography Page 7 . Introduction 1. 1 Background Information In recent years there has been an increase of mental health problems in our society. According to the Department of Health(2012) one in four adults experience mental illness at some point during their lifetime and one in six experience symptoms of mental illness – thus making it the largest single cause of disability in our society. Many people choose to take control of their mental health by using self-help approaches alongside, or even instead of, prescribed medication and talking therapies.Making changes to diet and eat ing habits is just one approach that some people have used to help improve their mental well-being. The links between diet and mental health are less clearly understood than links between diet and physical health. There are some generally accepted trends and pieces of advice than can help when thinking about what you eat and drink. 1. 2 Aim This report is going to outline what mental health is and how it affects people. It is going to research how what you eat affects your mental health and how eating or not eating certain foods can contribute to a person’s mental wellbeing.It is also going to suggest the types of foods that are good to help maintain mental wellbeing and tell the reader why and how these foods make a person with mental health problems feel. 2. Methodology 2. 1Primary research The time allotted for this report did not allow for any accurate primary research to be done as this would have involved drawing up questionnaires, handing them out to a target group, co llecting them in and analysing the findings all of which would be a time consuming task. 2. 2 Secondary Research In the report secondary sources from various websites are the main source of information.There is limited information in books about this as it is a very current topic and websites such as www. mind. org and www. sustainweb. org have been carrying out research on this subject and have a lot of valuable information. 3. Findings 3. 1 what is mental illness Mental illness is a term used when someone experiences significant changes in their thinking, feelings or behavior. The changes are usually bad enough to affect how the person functions and can cause distress to them or to other people. It may cause Anxiety, Depression, Suicidal Thoughts, Sleep Deprivation and a general feeling of unease and despair.A person with a mental illness sees things differently than a person without a mental illness and something simple to a non-sufferer can be life changing to a sufferer and can lead to the illness taking over where it is a downwards spiral in to the depths of depression. This then become a vicious circle of depression leading to the sleep deprivation which in turn leads to anxiety attacks which can then lead to feelings of despair and maybe even suicidal thoughts which then brings the sufferer straight back to the beginning were they are anxious about what might happen next and starts the circle all over gain. 3. 2 Research According to Youngminds(2012) there is increasing evidence of a link between what we eat and how we feel. This is called the ‘food – mood’ connection. How we feel influences what we choose to eat or drink and vice versa – and a healthy diet can help to protect our mental health. Mental health problems are believed to be the result of a combination of factors, including age, genetics and environmental factors. One of the most obvious, yet under-recognised factors in the development of major trends in mental he alth is the role of nutrition.Sustain(2010) indicates that a balanced mood and feelings of well-being can be helped by ensuring that our diet provides adequate amounts of certain foods such as foods that contain;- * Complex carbohydrates, Glucose from the carbohydrates we eat provides the brain’s main source of fuel. Without this fuel, we can’t think clearly. Some carbs are better than others. Sugar, white pasta and biscuits will only give you a short burst of energy. You'll feel tired and grumpy when the sugar high wears off and for someone with mental health issues this could then trigger a series of emotions. . If you eat lots of sugary foods, fizzy drinks and stimulants such as coffee, tea or alcohol, your blood sugar levels go up and down. This can make you irritable, anxious, and dizzy, it can also lead to poor concentration and aggressive behaviour. Complex carbohydrates†, such as wholegrain, beans and vegetables, are a better choice because they give you sustained energy and you don’t get that come down feeling when they wear off. * Essential fats, Essential fats, found mainly in oily fish, seeds and nuts, cannot be made within the body, so we have to get them from food.Sixty per cent of the brain is made of fat, and the fats we eat directly affect its structure. A lack of omega-3 fatty acids has been linked to various mental health problems, including depression and lack of concentration. * Amino acids, Proteins found mainly in meat, fish and soya products are broken down in the body to be used as amino acids, which are vital to good mental health. Brain messengers are made in the body from the proteins that we eat. If we don't get enough amino acids it can lead to feelings of depression, apathy, lack of motivation or tension. * Vitamins and mineralsVitamins such as b ,c , e and folate along with minerals such as zinc and magnesium which are found in foods such as green leafy vegetables ,eggs ,red meat ,yeasts ,nuts, whole g rains and fruits are all good to help combat mental health issues. * Water is also very good. This is also backed up by information given by Youngminds(2012) and sustain(2012). This is, of course, the same type of healthy balanced diet that is widely recommended to reduce our risk of developing coronary heart disease, strokes, a range of cancers, diabetes and a number of digestive disorders and conditions.The diet that would give us the right amount and balance of these nutrients would contain: * lots of different vegetables and fruit * a wide variety of whole grains, * nuts, seeds and legumes, * and some occasional oily fish, lean meat and dairy products. Mind(2012) says the body of evidence linking diet and mental health is growing at a rapid pace. As well as its impact on short and long-term mental health, the evidence indicates that food plays an important contributing role in the development, management and prevention of specific mental health problems such as * depression, sch izophrenia, * attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), * Alzheimer’s disease. This is also backed up by sustain(2010) and mentalhealthfoundation(2012). The evidence so far does not show that these conditions can be prevented or cured by diet alone. However, evidence is accumulating that the combination of polyunsaturated fats, minerals and vitamins may help to: †¢relieve the symptoms of some mental illnesses; †¢improve the effectiveness of medication for some conditions; and †¢reduce the unpleasant side-effects of some medications.Comfort eating is another symptom of mental health issues, eating or drinking the foods that give false highs but also bring that depressed low feeling when the effects of the chemicals released in the brain ware off. Mind(2012) states If you eat lots of sugary foods, fizzy drinks and stimulants such as coffee, tea or alcohol, your blood sugar levels go up and down. This can make you irritable, anxious, and dizzy, It can also l ead to poor concentration and aggressive behaviour.Even with all the information that is out there not many people realise the link between food and mental health. Mentalhealthfeedingminds(2012) states that the role of diet in the nation’s mental health has yet to be fully understood and embraced, and shifts in policy and practice have been slow to materialise. Possible reasons include a lack of awareness of the evidence, scepticism as to its quality and vested interests in other treatments and approaches. 4. ConclusionsThe aim of this report was to show the link between food and mental health and to show how certain foods effect how we feel. Whilst researching this topic the author found that there is a definite link between food and mental health although not enough research has been done in this area to allow for an extensive report to be carried out. The websites that have researched this issue are trusted and credible websites but they lack the resources to investigate f urther or carry out primary research on this matter. 5. RecommendationsA recommendation would be for extensive medical research to be carried out in this area with doctors and nutritionist working together to teach people with mental health issues how to help themselves by maintaining a healthy and balanced diet. Also primary research should be done on a target group of people with mental health issues were they keep a food diary of what they eat for a period of time noting how they felt and if there was an improvement on their mental health. References Bibliography * Departmentofhealth. (2012)Mentalhealth. Available from. www. dh. gov. uk. (Accessed02/10/2012). Ispsuk. (2012). What is mental illness and what is mental health? Availablefrom. www. ispsuk. org(2012. Accessed. 04/10/2012 * Mentalhealthintheuk. (2012). Mindguidetofoodandmood. Available from. www. mentalhealthintheuk. co. uk/Mindguidetofood. pdf. Accessed02/10/2012 * Mentalhealthfoundation. (2012). DietandMentalHealth. A vailablefromwww. mentalhealth. org. uk/help-information/mental-health-a-z/D/diet. 2012. Accessed. 04/10/2012 * Mentalhealthy. (2012). Self-help Depression Availablefrom;www. mentalhealthy. co. uk/lifestyle/mind-food/food-for-good-mental-health. Accessed03. 0. 2012 * Mindforbettermentalhealth. (2012). Mind guide to food and mood. Availablefrom;www. mind. org. uk/help/medical_and_alternative_care/food_and_mood-the_mind_guide. Accessed. 02. 10. 2012. * Sustainweb. (2010). Howarefoodandmentalhealthrelated? Availablefrom;. www. sustainweb. org/foodandmentalhealth. Accessed. 02/10/2012. * Youngminds. (2012). Youngmindsthevoiceofyoungpeoplesmentalhealthandwellbeing. availablefrom;http://www. youngminds. org. uk/for_children_young_people/better_mental_health/look_after_your_body? gclid=CJWfjqiRurMCFUVZ3godwEEAFQ. A ccessed. 02. 10. 2012.